Zamira ÖSKÖNBAYEVA

Article | 2020 | Economics and Business Letters9 ( 3 )

This study aims to explore how changes in explanatory variables may affect the probability of sovereign credit ratings assigned by Fitch, which is assumed to be a binary choice variable. For this purpose annual data of selected developed and developing countries for the period 2002-2016 have been used. In the empirical analysis the binary logit model has been applied. The estimation results indicate that all the explanatory variables are statistically significant in explaining credit ratings. Consistent with prior research, credit ratings are positively related to per capita gross domestic product, the level of economic development . . .and export. In addition, credit ratings are negatively related to inflation, debt and default history.(1 More less

Raziyahan ABDİYEVA | Burulça SULAYMANOVA | Kamalbek KARIMŞAKOV

Article | 2019 | Economics and Business Letters8 ( 1 )

This study analyses the role of risk attitude for entrepreneurship by gender differences in Kyrgyzstan. Logit analysis is applied to the cross-sectional data set drawn from the nationally representative survey for 2011. Entrepreneurship is measured by the self-employment activities and analysed by the agricultural and non-agricultural sample. Results of the study show that more risk-taking preferences are associated with higher entrepreneurship probability. However, this effect is not persistent for women in further estimations for non-agricultural entrepreneurship sample, while for men higher positive effect of risk loving behavior . . . remains in off-farm self-employment too. These findings underline the existing difference in risk tolerance by gender in non-agricultural employment. Movement of women from farm to off-farm entrepreneurship may not necessarily require risk loving characteristics. However, further analysis of this difference should take into account potential difference of necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs by gender More less